Classifier Essay - 890 Words

Name: Sungkeun Kim UIN: 325003839 CSCE689 Paper Report #5 1. Paper Bibliography Information Title: Design and Evaluation of Classifier for Identifying Dactylology Videos in Video Sharing Sites Proceedings of ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 2012 Authors: - Caio D.D. Monteiro, Department of Computer Science and Engineering - Gutierrez-Osuna, Department of Computer Science and Engineering - Frank M. Shipman, Department of Computer Science and Engineering 2. Summary 2.1 Problem Statement We can be provided by online media a chance for the set and usage of dactylology presentations about various subjects. Nowadays, online media such as locating dactylology videos is based on the existence and correctness of tags,†¦show more content†¦In that the complexity of the problem, most of these researches believe the realizing of finger feature and orientation are insufficient to convert the dactylology. The meaning of American the language is defined by a combination of five features. That is, the shape of the finger, the location of the finger, the palm location of the finger, the direction of motion of the finger. Finally, the facial expression. Without all five components, the conversion of American the language is impossible. In the author’s work, the goal of his research is identifying dactylology video found in video sharing web-sites. This ability would immediately allow people to limit their searches within the videos to those in dactylology. About zero point five percentage of the united states population is deaf and understand words shouted in the better ear. For many people that become deaf in life, dactylology is their way to communication. Combined with the formative era of the brain’s development, this means that the average reading and writing ability among people of the deaf median reading comprehension. For the online to more fully support this group, information is needed to available in dactylology. The author analyzed each video by a video computing system and developed with open formworks which is an open source toolkit. 2.3 Results/Findings The author tested the classifierShow MoreRelatedEssay On Machine Learning Classifiers And Feature Extractors1166 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyse the sentiments using machine learning classifiers and feature extractors. The machine learning classifiers are Naive Bayes, Maximum Entropy and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The feature extractors are unigrams and unigrams with weighted positive and negative keywords. We build a framework that treats classifiers and feature extractors as two distinct components. This framework allows us to easily try out different combinations of classifiers and feature extractors. 3.1 Emoticons SinceRead MoreDynamic News Classification Using Machine Learning2198 Words   |  9 PagesThe accuracy of this classifier was 98.3 % . The disadvantages of using this classifier was it took a lot of time due to large number of words in the dictionary. Sometimes the text contained a lot of words that described another category since the algorithm considers every word’s weight made the system create a wrong output. This classifier was used mainly for 2 reasons which were it is one of the most recognised word weighting algorithms and accuracy of the above classifier is promising as itRead MoreAn Application for Automated Evaluation of Student Essay5644 Words   |  23 PagesCriterion SM Online Essay Evaluation: An Application for Automated Evaluation of Student Essays Jill Burstein Educational Testing Service Rosedale Road, 18E Princeton, NJ 08541 jburstein@ets.org Martin Chodorow Department of Psychology Hunter College 695 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 martin.chodorow@hunter.cuny.edu Claudia Leacock Educational Testing Service Rosedale Road, 18E Princeton, NJ 08541 cleacock@ets.org Abstract This paper describes a deployed educational technology application:Read MoreFinancial Statements Fraud56771 Words   |  228 PagesSchool 6-1-2008 Detecting financial statement fraud: Three essays on fraud predictors, multi-classifier combination and fraud detection using data mining Johan L. Perols University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Perols, Johan L., Detecting financial statement fraud: Three essays on fraud predictors, multi-classifier combination and fraud detection using data mining (2008). GraduateRead MoreThe Sociological Concept Of ‘Taste’ Allows Us To See How1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmannerisms directly define and structure the societal groups we inhabit. In Stewart’s book ‘Culture, Taste and Value’ (2013) he defines taste, from a common sense perspective, as a purely subjective, private matter (Stewart, 2013). However, in this essay, my aim is to inform the reader of the substantial implications ‘taste’ has as a theoretical framework for explaining societal structures and understanding everyday life. The concept can be seen as more than just a subjective entity drawing upon privateRead MoreIs the Body a Social Construction?1447 Words   |  6 Pagessocially constructed bodies have been put forward by theorists such as Elias, Foucault, Goffman and Bourdieu, however, an alternative strategy of viewing socially constructed bodies could be to link these apparently contrasting theories together. This essay will focus upon ways in which the body appears to be a social construction, paying particular detail on the length individuals endure to perform socially constructed ideals with reference to gender and class. It is obvious that biology highlightsRead MoreSubjective Test Assessment Of Online Exams1474 Words   |  6 Pagestypes of knowledge that can be assessed by multiple choice tests. Multiple choice tests are best adapted for testing well-defined or lower-order skills. Problem-solving and higher-order reasoning skills are better assessed through short-answer and essay tests. Another disadvantage of multiple choice tests is the examinee s interpretation of the item. Failing to interpret information as the test maker intended can result in an incorrect response, even if the student’s response is potentiallyRead MoreGeographic Information Systems Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pagesmany years and people would then sit down and analyse it and make policies. Slingsby (2011) explained how the OAC has a number of applications that can be used in profiling populations and structuring data. Basically the OAC is a geodemographic classifier used in identifying and describing groups of people as shown in the 2001 census. Callingham (2008) added that the 2001 Census Output Areas were specifically created for statistical purposes to enable future straight-forward mapping of areas, profilingRead MoreA Corpus-Based, Comparative Study of Wage and Salary Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pageson its preceding classifying adjectives (example 3). ‘Base’ (5047, 70.662) and ‘starting’ (3297, 56.730) were strong collocates, and both imply potential progression, with individuals gradually working their way up companies over time. ‘Wage’s’ classifiers lacked such connotations of advancement. ‘Basic’ (428, 19.777) and ‘regular’ (example 4, 324, 16.962) appeared frequently, with the latter suggesting an indefinite plateau – the antithesis of ‘salary’s’ collocates implying a base to build upon.Read MoreThe Most Frequent Neurodegenerative Movement Disorder Today Is Parkinson Disease5166 Words   |  21 Pagessleep fragmentation, restless legs syndrome) a) Tremor Rest tremor is the most common and easily recognised symptom of PD, present in 70% to 75% of cases. In fact the original paper on Parkinson’s disease, by Dr James Parkinson in 1817, was titled ‘Essay on the Shaking Palsy’. The tremors occur at a frequency of 4 to 6 Hz and are prominent at the distal part of an extremity such as the hands (Jankovic, 2008) and can also involve lips, chin, jaw and legs. Rest tremors typically disappear with action

The Self Assessment Portfolio As A Method Of Assessment

will be the second year where German 1, 2X, 3X, and AP levels have used a language portfolio. For these classes, a language portfolio is an integral part of students learning process. Thinking more deeply and after 3 weeks of mandatory reading how I want to conduct my research, I believe I will stay with qualitative research. As Johnson and Christensen state â€Å"qualitative research relies on the collection of qualitative data such as non-numerical data like words and pictures† (p. 418). Because a language portfolio in German classes is still type of discovery and exploration, I think this research will be more an open – ended way, â€Å"without prior expectations, and the develop hypothesis and theoretical explanations will be based on the interpretations of what is observed† (p. 418). This exploratory qualitative case study examines the introduction of the self-assessment portfolio as a method of assessment in German as a Foreign Language classes at Stevenson High School. The purpose of the study is to examine GFL learners’ attitudes as well as their thoughts and feelings towards a language portfolio in all language skills: reading, writing, speaking, and listening and their reactions to the use of the self- assessment portfolio. The following research questions were designed to guide this case study of self-assessment portfolios used second year of German study in selected German classes at SHS: 1. What are the perceptions of German learners at Stevenson High School towardShow MoreRelatedMethods in Performing Assessment962 Words   |  4 Pages A) Principles of assessments. B) Peer and self assessment. C) Feedback and questioning. D) Types of assessment records. Principles of assessments VALIDITY A valid form of assessment measures what it supposes to be measured. â€Å"A valid assessment must also assess a sample of the abilities that are required in the curriculum† (Ian Reece, 2007, teaching, training and learning) Fairness: Fairness censures that everyone has an equal chance of getting a good assessment. â€Å"All learners areRead MoreEssay Experiential Methods for Acquiring Self-Knowledge1509 Words   |  7 PagesExperiential Methods for Acquiring Self-Knowledge Do people ever know enough about themselves to determine the direction of their career journey? Various strategies have been developed to provide guidance toward this end; however, as the realities of work change due to such factors as global competition and new technologies, it is necessary to develop new awareness of self in relation to work. 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As students create their portfolios, they are actively involved in and reflecting on their own learning. This means that the teacher can individualize instruction for the student. Portfolios are a form of alternative/authentic assessment in which a student s progress is measured over a period of time in various language learning contexts. Portfolios can include evidence of specificRead MoreTaqa Level 3 in Assessing Candidates Vocational Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesIn this evidence you will need to explain your understanding of the principles and requirements of your assessment practices. 1. Explain how peer and self assessment can be used to promote effective learner involvement in the assessment process, what are the benefits of learners taking ownership and responsibility for their learning journey:It is important to involve learners in the assessment process as it is theirs. They need to take responsibility for their progression and learning. This willRead MoreOrganizational Project Management1193 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizational changes and to manage the portfolio of investments that underpin these change initiatives. The Organizational Project Management Maturity Model is a framework that provides an organization wide view of portfolio management, program management, and project management to support achieving best Practices within each of these domains. This holistic perspective is a powerful tool enabling successful execution of organizational strategies, portfolios, programs, and projects, especially whenRead MoreDifferent Types Of Assessments Educators1027 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different types of assessments educators will use to assess their students. The two main assessments this paper will be discussing are formative and summative. Formative assessments are complete as students are learning, while summative assessment are completed at the end of learning (exam). The formative assessment specifically concentrates on observing the students’ progress and response during instruction (Black, et al., 2003). This assessment allows the students to receive instantRead MoreForm ative Assessment : The Glossary Of Education774 Words   |  4 PagesFormative assessments. Yael Mirabal According to â€Å"The Glossary of Education†, â€Å"Formative assessment refers to a wide variety of methods that teachers use to conduct in-process evaluations of student comprehension, learning needs, and academic progress during a lesson, unit, or course. Formative assessments help teachers identify concepts that students are struggling to understand, skills they are having difficulty acquiring, or learning standards they have not yet achieved so that adjustmentsRead MoreThe Rationale For A Educational Assessment812 Words   |  4 PagesThe rationale for change in educational assessment is anchored in understanding that the global workforce has changed. In order for schools to better prepare students to be successful in this workforce, pedagogy and assessment must be address key 21st Century skills. Cisco-Intel-Microsoft’s 2004 Call to Action, Transforming Education: Assessing and Teaching 21st Century Skill, states, â€Å"†¦more often than not, accountability efforts have measured what is easiest to measure, rather than what is mostRead MorePtlls Unit 71446 Words   |  6 PagesUNIT 007 Principles of assessment in lifelong learning Craig Pearson (1400 words) 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 Explain the types of assessment used in lifelong learning. Explain the use of methods of assessment in lifelong learning. Compare the strengths and limitations of assessment methods to meet individual learner needs. Explain ways to involve the learner in the assessment process. Explain the role of peer and self-assessment in the assessment process. Assessments are the process of evaluating an

Analysis of Clinical Reasoning Cycle Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Clinical Reasoning Cycle. Answer: Introduction: One of the greatest responsibilities in case of thenursing individuals can be considered the clinical judgments. In most cases thenursing individuals are expected to take prompt clinical decisions in both the care planning and execution. Now it has to be mentioned that the impact of the care decision making can have a very severe impact on the well being of the patients. Furthermore, in certain cases any wrong decision taken in the care planning procedure can even cost the patients if his or her life. Therefore, the values if thenursing decisions are extreme and that is the reason why there have been many initiatives take in the attempt to streamline the process of clinical judgment or decision making as possible (Stellefson, Dipnarine Stopka, 2013). Clinical reasoning cycle can be considered to be one of the most impactful and effective strategic intervention that has proved to improve the clinical judgments and eradicate the issues that are prevalent in the scenario of clinical decision making. The clinical reasoning cycle can be defined as the scientific step by step process of collecting different cues of patient situational analysis, processing the collected information, identification of the care needs, planning and implementation of interventions based on care priorities, evaluating outcomes and reflecting on the entire procedure (Levett-Jones et al., 2010). This assignment will attempt to use the clinical reasoning cycle to analyse the patient situation and formulate care interventions based on the care needs and the care priorities f the patient by the means of employing clinical reasoning cycle with the help of a case study. Case scenario analysis: The very first step of the clinical reasoning cycle is the collection of the informative cues regarding the condition of the patient. On a more elaborative note, this step of the cycle is associated with the patient situation analysis, and investigation of the facts linked issues of the patient. In this case, the patient Peter Mitchell is a 52 year old man with a morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes. There have been three particular medical emergencies due to which the patient had been admitted to the health care facility, poorly controlled diabetes, and obesity ventilation syndrome and sleep apnoea. The subjective data of the patient also indicate at a few key symptoms that the patient had been exhibiting such as shakiness, diaphoresis, increased hunger, high BGL levels and difficulty breathing whilst sleeping. Along with that patient history also reveals his past history of tobacco usage for 30 years, the patient smoked 20 cigarettes a day. According to the information mentioned abov e the patient had been neglecting his high blood glucose levels and the added impact of morbid obesity. From the symptoms that the patients had been exhibiting signs of severe hyperglycemia, and he had also been at a risk for diabetic coma (Garber et al., 2013). Further investigations indicate at the fact that the patient had been previously suggested to follow a weight loss regime involving a strict low fat diet and daily exercise, which the patient refused to acknowledge because of it being too hard for him. His past medical history investigations unravelled presence of depression, Hypertension, Sleep apnea, and Gastro oesophageal disease reflux disease along with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it can be mentioned that as Peter had been suffering with quite a few health disorders and each one of them had an impact on his present condition, his negligence to follow a proper diet and an exercise regimen further worsened the condition for him enhancing his risk of hyperglycemia and even diabetic coma (Garber et al., 2016). The psychosocial information about the patient indicate that he had been a government employee 3 years ago had weighed 105kgs, after losing his job his diabetes and obesity worsened further and after the start of the insulin the patient gained far more weight. Along with that, due his abnormally obese physique and fatigue he has difficulty finding employment lives alone after his divorce. The impact of his severe hyperglycemia and extremely high body weight restricted his chances of carrying out normal activities of daily living, and as he lived alone in his house, he had no one to care for him either. However, after his recent episode of hyperglycemia and increased chances of diabetic coma helped him realize the need for making efforts to lose weight and better management of his conditions. With the absence of any advisor or family member to rely on, the patients is unsure of where and how to start working for better health outcomes which indicates that the patients is anxious, clue less and depressed. Care needs: According to the clinical reasoning cycle, the second and third stage of the cycle is associated with the process of collecting cues from the patients regarding the subjective and objective patient data and processing all the information that has been collected by thenursing professional. This process gives rise to the identification of the care needs of the patients and by interpreting, discriminating, relating, inferring, and predicting performed by the nursing professional (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). Hence, focusing on the care needs of the patients, many care priorities are apparent from the case study. First and foremost it has to be mentioned that the patient had a very poorly controlled diabetes type to the patient it has to be mentioned that obesity often leads deterioration of bith physical and mental health and wellbeing by the virtue of altered body image, related co-morbid disorders, social isolation, fatigue, mobility restriction and depression. Hence the very first care need for the patient has to be reduction and better management of his exceeding body weight. The next care need that can be highlighted in here is better management of the diabetes that the patient had been having (Vashist, 2012). It has to be understood that extreme morbid obesity when coupled with faulty management of diabetes can lead to severe exacerbations like coronary heart diseases and renal diseases, hence better management of his diabetes will be one of the greatest care need. Other care needs for the patient includes hypertension, sleep apnoea, depression, and social isolation. Two complex care priorities with justification: The clinical reasoning cycle provides the health care professional with the opportunity to sort through the overlapping care needs. In this case as well, the next step of action will be for the nursing professional to focus on the most crucial care priorities of the patient and decide on two particular care priorities that the patient will need immediate care intervention for. The fourth stage of the clinical reasoning cycle, the nursing professional will need to identify the key issues that the patient has been suffering from and formulate a care plan including the patients and his preferences in the process (Levett-Jones et al., 2010). Based on the subjective and objective data, the care priorities for the patient include obesity management and better self management of the diabetes. It has to be mentioned that global epidemic of obesity is indicative of the increasing prevalence and incidence rate of type two diabetes. Similarly without effective management of obesity the patients can lead to many health disorders like congestive heart failure, coronary arterial diseases, renal diseases and many more which can easily lead to fatalities if not managed properly. Along with that the patient had type 2 diabetes for more than 9 years and with the lack of self management of the disease coupled with excessive body weight at 145 kg, the above mentioned risks were even higher. Hence, based on synthesis of the patient data discovered from the past medical history and the investigation by the nursing professional, the choice of both of the care priorities are relevant and justified (Feinman et al., 2015). The 5th stage of the CRC focuses on synthesis of achievable goals involving the care priorities decided in the previous steps, and taking relevant actions to address the chosen care priorities. The collection and synthesis of the patient data indicates the fact that that patient did not have a strict diet plan at all; hence the very first goal for the patient will be to focus on a diet plan that matches his needs and preferences. The next goal for the patents can be a low to high exercise regimen. The patents will need to start with a low grade exercise program that will help him get used to the habit of exercise and slowly the exercise regimen will evolve to higher difficulty level to match up with need of the patient (Rueda-Clausen, Padwal Sharma, 2013). For diabetes management, the patient had not been regular with his checkups and blood glucose management; hence the first goal for this patient must focus on the regular glucose level management. It has to be mentioned in this context that the patient will need to be instructed to acquire any self operated glucose level monitoring device and should be educated to check it regularly. Along with that that patients will be needed to be educated and motivated to regularly take the medications that has been prescribed to him (Chen et al., 2012). The last two steps of the clinical reasoning cycle in to evaluate the outcome of the management goals and then reflect on the whole process. For the evaluation process, the nursing professional can monitor the weight, blood glucose level and BMI of the patient. A changed attitude towards his obesity and diabetes and efforts to change his condition will also be a evaluation outcome measurement strategy for the patient. The primary motive behind the reflection phase is to enhance the patient centered aspect of the care and whether the care approach can be refined any further to match the needs of the patient any further (Chandrasekaran et al., 2012). Conclusion: On a concluding note, clinical reasoning cycle is an excellent tool for the nursing individuals to employ evidence based practice and critical analytical thinking while caring for the patients and addressing different issues by the means of a series or spiral of linked clinical encounters. it helps effectively in sorting out the relevant patient care cues, identifying care priorities and designing care plan that will address each of the care priorities. In this case study as well, the CRC helped in identification and determination of the particular care priorities of Peter Mitchell and helped in designing care goals that are focussed and recovery oriented for him. References: Chandrasekaran, C. V., Vijayalakshmi, M. A., Prakash, K., Bansal, V. S., Meenakshi, J., Amit, A. (2012). Herbal approach for obesity management.American Journal of Plant Sciences,3(07), 1003. Chen, S. M., Creedy, D., Lin, H. S., Wollin, J. (2012). Effects of motivational interviewing intervention on self-management, psychological and glycemic outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.International journal of nursing studies,49(6), 637-644. Dalton, L., Gee, T., Levett-Jones, T. (2015). Using clinical reasoning and simulation-based education to'flip'the Enrolled Nurse curriculum.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,33(2), 29. Feinman, R. D., Pogozelski, W. K., Astrup, A., Bernstein, R. K., Fine, E. J., Westman, E. C., ... Nielsen, J. V. (2015). Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: critical review and evidence base.Nutrition,31(1), 1-13. Fisher, E. B., Boothroyd, R. I., Coufal, M. M., Baumann, L. C., Mbanya, J. C., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., ... Tanasugarn, C. (2012). Peer support for self-management of diabetes improved outcomes in international settings.Health affairs,31(1), 130-139. Garber, A. J., Abrahamson, M. J., Barzilay, J. I., Blonde, L., Bloomgarden, Z. T., Bush, M. A., ... Garber, J. R. (2016). Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm2016 executive summary.Endocrine Practice,22(1), 84-113. Garber, A., Abrahamson, M., Barzilay, J., Blonde, L., Bloomgarden, Z., Bush, M., ... Grunberger, G. (2013). American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists' comprehensive diabetes management algorithm 2013 consensus statement.Endocrine Practice,19(Supplement 2), 1-48. Levett-Jones, T., Hoffman, K., Dempsey, J., Jeong, S. Y. S., Noble, D., Norton, C. A., ... Hickey, N. (2010). The five rights of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students ability to identify and manage clinically at riskpatients.Nurse education today,30(6), 515-520. Ross, R., Blair, S., de Lannoy, L., Desprs, J. P., Lavie, C. J. (2015). Changing the endpoints for determining effective obesity management.Progress in cardiovascular diseases,57(4), 330-336. Rueda-Clausen, C. F., Padwal, R. S., Sharma, A. M. (2013). New pharmacological approaches for obesity management.Nature Reviews Endocrinology,9(8), 467. Stellefson, M., Dipnarine, K., Stopka, C. (2013). Peer reviewed: The chronic care model and diabetes management in US primary care settings: A systematic review.Preventing chronic disease,10. Vashist, S. K. (2012). Non-invasive glucose monitoring technology in diabetes management: A review.Analytica chimica acta,750, 16-27.

Solutions for Low Life Expectancy Essay Example

Solutions for Low Life Expectancy Paper Health Organization (WHO) shows all people have an average life span of 54. Ears. The males average life expectancy is 62. 7 years While female is 66 years, a difference of more than three years. Jeanne Clement is the oldest confirmed age person who is 122 years. These details explained about the maximum life span which is the number of years any human is known or have lived. In this brief article, there are a numerous of problem facing by the people in the developing countries because of the low life expectancy. Firstly, its the loss of productive workforce in a country, Life expectancy continued to fall in many parts of Africa continent. For instance, Botswana people use to live up to 60 years old but now over aging at 40 years age. The reasons of this case is because to the temperamental problems such as lack to health care, acute shortage of clean water, AIDS awareness campaign which is not organized well, this will stem human crisis capital. Besides that, there will be a crisis in education sector. Education sector was also affected by the productive workforce. Some countries like Zombie have witnessed the collapsed in primary and secondary school enrolment rate. Soon, the ratio of students to teacher increases, classroom overcrowded, they may institute law that limits number of students per school. As such, the rate of illiteracy will widespread. Therefore, one of a way to increase life expectancy is by improving the health and welfare of a county. It Will increases the population rate Of the developing world. The government should take appropriate action to get a good medicine for their people from different countries to cure sickness and to increase life expectancy Of a person. We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions for Low Life Expectancy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions for Low Life Expectancy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions for Low Life Expectancy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A statistic survey shows that developed countries have a higher life expectancy Han the less developed countries (Smith et al , 2008,pop). This is because developed countries have sufficient money to buy or make new medicines to cure various type of serious illness which is really expensive. However some countries like Saudi Arabia have very high GNP per capita but dont have high life expectancies. Alternatively, China and Japan have a low GNP per capita but have reasonable high life expectancy. Moreover, exercise and having a great communication habits too could increase the life expectancy to a person. By exercising, an individual could increase the cardiovascular system and strengthen a persons body. The human body was designed to be active but years of inactivity have caused a decrease in life expectancy. Science has proven that when an individual increase the amount of each exercise they do in a week, it can lower the risk of dying by 14% Not only would that, by having a great communication with others relieve a person from stress (Keller, 2001). For example, spending time with friends will makes a person to feel relaxed. According to Keller, spend time with friends in a busy day could help a person coping with stress. Researchers first study Of the effect Of exercises and having a good communication with others concluded that it can add three to four years to a persons lifespan. Lastly, these are the two possible solutions to overcome low life expectancy. In a statistic survey showed that life expectancy is affected by many variables, some Of Which suggest that life expectancy can contribute to rise in both developed and developing countries(White and Edgar, 2010). As discussed earlier, the solutions can help a lot of individual to have a higher life expectancy with leading a quality health lifestyle. In the absence of fundamental breakthroughs in initiating research, the empirical analysis shows that we are not in the critical zone. It can be argued that, Government of a country has to find a source to increase the income levels of its own country so it would result in more or less improvements such as provision of water and health care to increase the population of a country.

Use of Pastiche in English Prose

Use of Pastiche in English Prose A text that borrows or imitates the style, words, or ideas of other writers. Unlike a parody, which aims for a comic or satiric effect, a pastiche is often intended as a compliment (or an homage) to the original writer(s)though it may just be a hodgepodge of borrowed words and ideas. Examples and Observations: The pastiche prose form openly mimes the content and mannerisms of another written work. Its a respectful, if often jocular, an homage to the work that inspired it. (Its literary cousin is the parody, but that imitation subtly or savagely satirizes its source material.) The pastiche implicitly says, I appreciate this author, the characters, and the fictive world . . . and my imitation is sincere flattery.The affection for Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and his immortal Sherlock Holmes is evident in August Derleths stories about brilliant, deerstalker-wearing Solar Pons of 7B Praed St.(Mort Castle, Write Like Poe. The Complete Handbook Of Novel Writing, 2nd ed. Writers Digest Books, 2010)The secret mechanism of a pastiche is the fact that a style is not just a unique set of linguistic operations: a style is not just a prose style. A style is also a quality of vision. It is also its subject matter. A pastiche transfers the prose style to a new content (while parody transfers the prose style to an inadmissible and scandalous content): it is, therefore, a way of testing out the limits of a style.(Adam Thirlwell, The Delighted States. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007) Parody and Pastiche in The SimpsonsParody attacks a particular text or genre, making fun of how that text or genre operates. Pastiche merely imitates or repeats for mildly ironic amusement, whereas parody is actively critical. For instance, when an episode of The Simpsons loosely follows the plot of Citizen Kane (rendering Mr. Burns as Kane), no real critique is offered of Orson Welless masterpiece, making this pastiche. Yet on a weekly basis, The Simpsons plays with generic conventions of the traditional family sitcom. It also mocks forms of advertising and . . . it occasionally lambastes the form and format of news, all with critical intent, thereby making such instances bona fide parody.(Jonathan Gray, Jeffrey P. Jones, and Ethan Thompson, The State of Satire, the Satire of the State. Satire TV: Politics and Comedy in the Post-Network Era. New York University Press, 2009)Pastiche in Green Days American Idiot (Musical)The sheer volume of the stage band’s music and the frenet ic rush of action provide constant energy. But tunes recalling the 1950s pastiche of The Rocky Horror Picture Show or, during We’re Coming Home Again, the Phil Spectoresque Springsteen of Born to Run, have few punk credentials. The indulgent-youths versus dutiful-wives combat of Too Much Too Soon also shows how much [Bilie Joe] Armstrong’s characters are [Jack] Kerouac boys and girls at base, American idiots and ennui unchanged.(Nick Hasted, Green Day’s American Idiot, Hammersmith Apollo, London. The Independent, December 5, 2012) Pastiche in Peter PanThe apparent contradiction whereby war converts into a game is weirdly captured in Baden-Powells favorite play, J.M. Barries Peter Pan (1904), which he saw many times in the years he was gestating Scouting for Boys. In the Neverland of the play, Peters boys, the pirates, and the Indians relentlessly track after one another in a literal vicious circle that, though it is on one level all burlesque, an excessive late Imperial pastiche of the commonplaces of childrens fiction, is also deadly seriousas the final carnage on Captain Hooks ship vividly dramatizes.(Elleke Boehmer, introduction to Scouting for Boys: A Handbook for Instruction in Good Citizenship by Robert Baden-Powell, 1908; Rpt. 2004)Samuel Becketts Use of Pastiche[Samuel] Becketts cutting and pasting his reading onto his own stock of prose produced a discourse that Giles Deleuze might call rhizomatic or a technique Frederic Jameson might call pastiche. That is, these early works are finally assemblages, intertextual layerings, palimpsests, the effect of which is to produce (if not reproduce) a multiplicity of meanings in a manner that will come to be thought Postmodern in the second half of the twentieth century. . . .Postmodern pastiche would suggest that the only style possible in contemporary culture is travesty or mimicry of past stylesquite the opposite of what Beckett was developing. Intertext or assemblage or pastiche allowed Beckett to assault the idea of style and so (or thereby) develop his own . . ..(S.E. Gontarski, Style and the Man: Samuel Beckett and the Art of Pastiche. Samuel Beckett Today: Pastiches, Parodies Other Imitations, ed. by Marius Buning, Matthijs Engelberts, and Sjef Houppermans. Rodopi, 2002) Fredric Jameson on PasticheHence, once again, pastiche: in a world in which stylistic innovation is no longer possible, all that is left is to imitate dead styles, to speak through the masks and with the voices of the styles in the imaginary museum. But this means that contemporary or postmodernist art is going to be about art itself in a new kind of way; even more, it means that one of its essential messages will involve the necessary failure of art and the aesthetic, the failure of the new, the imprisonment in the past.(Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism and Consumer Society. The Cultural Turn: Selected Writings on the Postmodern, 1983-1998. Verso, 1998)

BUSINESS RESEARCH PAPER

BUSINESS RESEARCH PAPER Business Research Paper assignment is considered to be one of the most important papers to be written. Good business research paper not only covers major business aspects, but also includes such subjects like marketing, economics, advertising promotions, successful sales, HR management, etc. And, yes, as you start writing your business paper you should have knowledge of all these topics that must be included in your perfect business research paper or other essay writing. If find yourself that you do not possess enough subject matter information, then buckle up to get this knowledge online or library books. Prepare in advance, start writing your paper as soon as possible at least in your mind. Sometimes you may find yourself that you don’t have enough real-time experience or knowledge of business. Then you should consult others and talk to business related people in order to get more information that will be perfect for your business research paper. As a help, recall your previous corporate work experience and analyze existing business patterns. It would be great if your will include real-life experiences and examples that will make your business research paper complete and profound. In case you are ready to accept help from essay writing service, we will be able to offer you great price and quality. You will receive you’re A-grade research paper on time as agreed. We know that we offer great deal. Our friendly customer support service will have contact with your 24/7. Dealing with our company is convenient and easy. We strive to make your academic study experience to be positive. In order to receive your best business research paper, we will need very detailed and clear instructions from you. You will be able to keep regular contact with your professional writer who will be working at your business research paper. The earlier you place your order, the better price you will get. Business Plan Essay Majority of business companies have different requirements that‘s they need a clear business plan. The process of writing a good business plan needs to state clearly business goals. It should have a market overview and information about existing and present competitors. We have gathered a team of professionals who are able to write successful project that will include marketing, sales part, financial part, hr management part, etc. The most important part of any business oriented writing is creating a genuine statement. This business statement will provide a clear vision of what the business stands for and wants for development. We are ready to create for you a special declaration that clearly states the vision of your business.   All you have to do is to contact our customer service and order online a business research paper or other custom essay papers. A true business plan or business research paper will have a clear business structure of the particular company or business. It will possess the companys business strategy and rational mind analysis.

Role of Healthcare Information System in Quality Service Provision Essay

Role of Healthcare Information System in Quality Service Provision - Essay Example Quality assurance makes reference to the act of putting in place in all necessary measures to ensure the end product of service successfully achieves its intended purpose. Basically, both the IT and healthcare sectors have set of measures in place to ensure quality standards are observed. Unlike the IT industry though, the presentation and behavior of staff directly represents the quality of service within a healthcare setting. On the contrary, quality assurance in IT is primarily pegged on products usability as well as service provision. Additionally, in healthcare settings, quality is a measure of service while in IT industry it is a measure of product efficiency (Joshi 460). Both however offer products/quality which directly impacts on health and any in appropriate measures could cost human life, or amount to medical malpractice. All players strive to ensure that they not only meet the minimum quality service thresholds or even surpass the same. Both healthcare and IT sectors have an ethical obligation to ensure that quality services/products are availed to patients and clients respectively. However, approach to quality assurance as well as assessable quality dimensions largely differ. While in the health sector quality is defined with regard of care standards and procedures including the technical standard of providers and patients expectation, IT industry defines quality with respect to ability of the product to make healthcare provision much easier and readily available. In essence it focuses on minimizing constraints to healthcare access. It is important to note that these definitions give a shallow but broad illustration of the variations in quality perception between the two sectors. What is however evident is the fact that both sectors view quality assurance as a standard ethical procedure which must be attained at all costs. In general, quality assurance may therefore be said as involving all arrangements and activities which safeguard, maintain and facilitate quality healthcare provisions. It involves measurement of quality, identifying deficiencies, undertaking improvements and evaluating whether such improvements are successful.

Community Outreach Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Community Outreach Program - Essay Example There are various avenues available to Coney Island Hospital in its effort to ensure that this program is accessible to all members of the community. The program will require its medical providers to alter their regular treatment schedules in the hospital to go conduct door to door health checks in patients’ home. The providers will begin in areas with low-income people as they are the ones most likely to be affected by diseases due to their inability to afford medical care. In order to do it safely, door-to-door program would better be conducted during morning hours. However, if the hospital is willing to hire night security, night visitations could be carried out as well. The disadvantage of conducting a daytime campaign is the act of having to travel to different residences in order to visit people who may not be home. Night time visitations have the advantage of having the majority of people indoors and therefore more effective. Door to door campaigns are one of the most e ffective methods of reaching out to everyone in the society as they give people or the populace targeted the privacy in their homes. These campaigns are however not cost-effective as extra expenses are incurred when medical personnel are dispatched to go on door-to-door visitations. The transport costs are an added expense which is not the case with in-hospital treatments. This method is also extremely time consuming and will require more than six months to be successfully completed. The source of funding of the program must be considered carefully as it is a crucial for the success of this outreach project. Due to the enormous cost of the program, one option is involving the State of New York to fund the program since it is a community project aimed at benefiting the residents of Coney Island. Moreover, as the services offered at a medical checkup are generally of a basic level, Coney Island Hospital will request medical student volunteers to come and assist in the work as part of their internship program as they get training from their supervisors. The checkups that do not call injections or prescription of medicine can be performed by them upon training thus saving time for senior staff who will do the more sophisticated work. The students should be those of senior level who are already familiar with checkup procedures so that the hospital does not need to invest more funds in training. This will give them an opportunity to acquire hands-on experience as well as add credit to their coursework if the hospital is willing to collaborate with universities from the area or to get staff from the medical reserve corps to

Marketing Is Called Delivery of Standard of Living Essay Example for Free

Marketing Is Called Delivery of Standard of Living Essay Standard Marketing Marketing is one of the terms in academia that does not have one commonly agreed upon definition. Even after a better part of a century the debate continues. In a nutshell it consists of the social and managerial processes by which products (goods or services) and value are exchanged in order to fulfill the needs and wants of individuals or groups. Although many people seem to think that marketing and advertising are synonymous, they are not. Advertising is simply one of the many processes that together constitute marketing Marketing, as suggested by the American Marketing Association, is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. [1] Another definition, perhaps simpler and more universal, is this: Marketing is the ongoing process of moving people closer to making a decision to purchase, use, follow or conform to someone elses products, services or values. Simply, if it doesnt facilitate a sale then its not marketing. [2] Philip Kotler in his earlier books defines as: Marketing is human activity directed at satisfying needs and wants through exchange processes. Add to Kotlers and Norris definitions, a response from the Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) [3]. The associations definition claims marketing to be the management process of anticipating, identifying and satisfying customer requirements profitably. Thus, operative marketing involves the processes of market research, new product development, product life cycle management, pricing, channel management as well as promotion. Marketing-taking actions to define, create, grow, develop, maintain, defend and own markets. An approach to business that seeks to identify, anticipate and satisfy customers needs. Al Ries and Jack Trout defined marketing as simply war between competitors, however this is clearly absurd Ali v Frazier is not marketing however the publicity and hyping of the event for commercial purposes is. It was the era of the clean-cut figure in a smart suit, the glad hander salesman who could sell refrigerators to an Eskimo, capable of selling everything from used cars to Bibles. It was sometime in the late Forties that attention came to rest upon a number of inter related elements of the marketing task that seemed to act together to influence the offtake of a product or service. Neil Borden of Harvard coined the phrase the elements of the Marketing Mix, depicting the manager of the function as not a specialist in selling, distribution, or advertising but rather a blender of ingredients in the right proportions to suit the market, its time and place. Later Marketing got separated from the notion of selling, including three distinct elements: customer orientation, i. . beginning with the customer; integrating the whole organization taking a long-term point of view; and linking with the primary goals of the business i. e. a combination of growth, market share and profitability. Indeed some writers (Peter Ducker, Regis McKenna) hold that Marketing and Business are synonymous. A later and less comprehensive formulation came to be known as the 4Ps product, price, promotion and place. This has now become the universal standard as a teaching tool for any introductory course in the subject. This was a vast improvement over the confusion between selling and marketing. It firmly put the former as a part, but only one among many that together explain the success or failure of a product in appealing to customers. Marketing thus became the overarching strategic theme, higher in level of abstraction than the mere act of obtaining the order. The significance of advertising in the establishment of an assured customer base really took off only after the widespread availability of mass media, especially after the 1950s. This not only made competition more difficult but more expensive and affordable only by the large sector. Enter the era of brands and branding. The Brand Image and Personality school came next, mostly identified with the legendary David Ogilvy, who said the brands personality gave it a first class ticket through life. The purpose of advertising was to convey the essence of this personality, beyond merely conveying the consumer benefits to the user and do it in a charming and cultured way (People dont buy from clowns . . . The consumer is not a moron. She is your wife . . . ). Stephen King Director, J. Walter Thompson, London acknowledged as the practitioners guru of Branding, stressed the need for all the elements of a brands make up from name, packaging, design elements to the creative expression of the advertising to hang together. They must be not only mutually consistent, but also reinforcing the strengths of one another, to create a totality greater than the sum of its parts. Though brands have been around a long time the attention to building them happened only after the Sixties. Some enlightened organizations were exceptions and the brand leadership of their famous names still stands, such as Marlboro, Lux, IBM, Gillette, Kodak, Johnson Johnson and so on. Soon, however, the only distinguishing feature of brands became their distinctive flavour of advertising, particularly so in consumer products. After all what can you say about a car (mileage, power, styling, looks), detergent (washes whiter, brighter clothes, removes stains) soap (refreshes, fragrant) or toothpaste (sparkling teeth, healthy gums, fresh breath) that hasnt been said before

General William T. Sherman :: General Sherman Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most colorful characters of the Civil War was a General named William T. Sherman. During the period of the war (1861-1865), General Sherman went full circle from being forced to retire on trumped up charges that he was insane, to becoming a key player in bringing this bloody war to a close. He entered the annals of military history as one of the greatest and most distinguished generals of all time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William T. Sherman was born to Charles N. Sherman and Mary Hoyt Sherman in Lancaster, Ohio, on February 8, 1820. General Sherman can trace his family history back to England. The Sherman family first came to the New World in 1634, settling in Boston, Massachusetts. Several family members achieved notorial prominence; including Roger Sherman, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and Daniel Sherman, who sat in the Connecticut General Assembly for 30 years. In addition, Sherman’s father became a state Supreme Court Judge in Ohio. William T. Sherman was once thrown from a horse as a young child and was not expected to live. In 1829, things would once again take a turn for the worse with the Sherman Family. Sherman’s father was away on the circuit when the elder Sherman took ill and died. No doubt this caused a problem for Mrs. Sherman to have to support 10 children. Family members and friends took all but the three youngest children to raise in their homes. A family of prominence took in Young William. Senator Thomas Ewing and his wife took in young William and treated him like their own son. Senator Ewing was the first Secretary of the Interior for the United States. It was Senator Ewing’s influence that helped William get into West Point in 1836. William graduated in 1840, 6th in his class. Sherman would later marry his stepsister Ellen Ewing on May 1, 1850, in the Blair House in Washington, D.C. Sherman and his wife would eventually have several children together, including a young son who die d during the Civil War, just as President Lincoln’s young son had died. One of Sherman’s sons became a Catholic priest at the urging of his mother who was a devout Catholic. General Sherman himself converted to Catholicism but never really accepted the religion as his own. In peacetime, Sherman was unsuccessful at several business attempts just like Ulysses S. Grant. Ironically it was the Civil War that distinguished them as historical immortals.

Public Police and Private Security Essay

Abstract         Public police and private security agencies will hardly find a compromise. Public police votes for limitation of private security rights. Private security becomes more popular with the increasing criminalization of the society. In reality, the objectives of public police and private security significantly differ.       The increasing popularity of private security agencies has raised substantial concern among the public police officers. The objectives of public police and private security differ, but public police agencies fear that private security will bury traditional policing standards, and will replace the major policies objectives and responsibilities.          In the general structure of public policing responsibilities, private security guards traditionally fulfill â€Å"supporting roles†. By hiring contractors, some federal agencies save up to 50 percent of their traditional expenditures. â€Å"One firm provides security for six major public transit systems around the country, transports prisoners, maintains booking and security for a juvenile assessment center, and supplies security for court houses in 40 states† (Youngs, 2004). Although private security agencies possess full range of policing equipment, personnel, and opportunities, such agencies are permanently restricted from fully participating in public policing. Potentially, private security and public policing could have similar objectives, but public policing remains purely a state structure. Public police agencies use private security firms to concentrate on their major tasks. In many aspects, these strategies remind outsourcing principles, which are often employed business. In Ontario, private security was given some freedom â€Å"to observe, report, and deter [†¦] elsewhere private security companies are offering quasi-police services in low-income housing projects† (Harman, 2000). Although private security and public policing could effectively combine their efforts, and work for the decrease of criminalization in the country, public policing insists on the fact that public police and private security cannot follow the same objectives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Public policing continues fulfilling its â€Å"traditional crime-fighting duties. Private security carry out their mission of protecting their companies or clients’ people, property, and information, while at the same time serving the homeland security objectives† (COPS, 2004). Private security and public policing are still too far from joining their efforts and objectives for the benefit of criminal situation in society. References COPS. (2004). Private security / Public policing. Harman, A. (2000). Private security use debated. Law & Order, 48 (6), pp. 125-126. Youngs, A. (2004). The future of public / private partnerships. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 73 (1), pp. 7-12.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

NASW Code of Ethics Essay

However, the same section of the Code also suggests that social workers are entitled to limit the â€Å"right of clients to self-determination† if and only if the â€Å"clients’ actions or potential actions pose a serious, foreseeable, and imminent risk† to either the patient themselves or to others including their relatives. These things being the case, it goes to show that the attending physician, with the consent of his superiors, may refuse the request of the patient or the relatives of the patient to cut-off his life-support system. It is this case which shows how the obligation of the social worker can override the right of the patient to self-determination. The result is an ethical dilemma where the attending physician is forced to make a decision; no middle-ground option is available. Section 1. 06 provides the immediate action that should be taken should the need arise. The section states that social workers ought to â€Å"inform clients when a real or potential conflict of interest arises† (Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers). Thus, the first thing that the attending physician should do is to inform the patient or—if the patient is in a physical state where he is unable to make decisions on his own or comprehend the situation—the relatives of the patient about the conflict. In doing so, the attending physician is able to preempt confusion on the part of the patient or the relatives of the patient. Doing so also reinforces the idea that â€Å"a major stakeholder in business must be the communities of which corporations and other organizations are a part† (Ethics and the Organization, p. 215), part of which are the clients or patients of the social workers. Lastly, informing the patients or his relatives about the conflict of interest can help the patient or his relatives reconsider the decision. The same section also provides that reasonable steps should be taken, steps that treat the clients’ interests as primary and â€Å"protect clients’ interests to the greatest extent possible† (Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers). The situation under inquiry indicates that the primary interest of the client or his relatives is to cease his life-support system. This being the case, the prerogative for the attending physician is to uphold the interest of the client which is cease the patient’s life-support system regardless of whether or not the attending physician the decision reflects his personal position. The physician’s immediate superior similarly cannot override the decision of the client since the interest of the client still overrides the decisions of the superiors. In the case, there are two reasons behind the decision of the clients to cease the life-support system of the patient. One is that the patient is terminally-ill and two is that the patient’s family can barely afford the fees required to continue the provision of the life-support system. In Section 1. 13 of the NASW Code of Ethics, it is stated that â€Å"social workers should ensure that the fees are fair, reasonable, and commensurate with the services performed† (Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers). If the clients cannot afford the facilities and services provided by the health organization where the attending physician is working for despite being fair, reasonable and commensurate with the services provided, there is little reason to deny the request of the clients. It is important to note that the health organization also has its own shareholders; it is similarly unethical to not consider the financial interest of the health organization if the clients themselves are already requesting for the cessation of the life-support system of the patient. The fact that the patient is already suffering from a terminal illness is a guarantee that the health condition of the patient is beyond cure. As far as the NASW Code of Ethics is concerned, it is safe to assume that it is ethical for the attending physician to grant the request of the client to cease the life-support system. But in doing so, it is imperative to let the client sign a waiver which will make certain that the clients are fully aware of the consequences of their decision and of the options that they have. The case may stand as a precedent for future cases with similar nature together with the provisions in the NASW Code of Ethics. The decision to execute the request of the clients is also consistent with the core values emphasized in the Code, specifically the values of competence and integrity. Fully discussing with the clients the consequences of their decision and the circumstances of the case shows the capacity of the social worker to remain professional and to avoid becoming too much engaged in the personal affairs of the clients. It also shows the integrity of the social worker in keeping in mind his limitations and his obligations to his clients. In the event where the client raises a complaint after the execution of their decision, a selected panel will head the investigation of the case. The panel will use the NASW Code of Ethics together with the facts as the bases for deciding the case. The system of inquiry discussed herein focuses on the context of social workers dealing with ethical dilemmas involving the interests of the clients and the obligation of the social workers to uphold the welfare of their clients. The NASW Code of Ethics is a critical part in the system of inquiry because it lays down the vital functions of social workers and the extent upon which they can perform their duties. As far as the organization is concerned, the Code provides the benefit of having an accepted guideline to base their decisions and actions while considering the interests of their clients. The Code also makes the decision-making process of the organization more efficient with minimal hindrances on resolving conflicts of interests. More importantly, the Code allows for the consistency in the decisions and actions of the individual members and agencies under the NASW when dealing with problems that involve the interests of their clients and the duties of social workers. References Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. (2008). Retrieved April 18, 2009, from http://www. socialworkers. org/pubs/code/code. asp Ethics and the Organization. In Managing Business Ethics. Ethics as Organizational Culture. In Managing Business Ethics.

How to Succeed in Your Literature Class

How to Succeed in Your Literature Class Listening,  reading, and being prepared for your class can make a dramatic difference in how you understand the books, poetry, and stories for your class. Heres how to succeed in your literature class from high school through college. Be on Time Even on the first day of class, you might miss out on important details (and homework assignments) if youre even 5 minutes late for class. In order to discourage tardiness, some teachers refuse to accept homework if youre not there when class starts. Also, literature teachers may ask you to take a short quiz, or write a response paper in the first few minutes of classjust to make sure that you did the required reading! Buy the Books at the Beginning of the Term Or, if the books are being provided, be sure you have the book when you need to start your reading. Dont wait until the last minute to start reading the book. Some literature students wait to buy some of their books until half-way through the semester/quarter. Imagine their frustration and panic when they find that there arent any copies of the required book left on the shelf. Be Prepared Be sure you know what the reading assignment is for the day, and read the selection more than once. Also, read through the discussion questions before class. Be Sure You Understand If youve read through the assignment and the  discussion questions, and you still dont understand what youve read, start thinking about why! If youre having difficulty with the terminology, look up any words you dont understand. If you cant concentrate on the assignment, read the selection out loud. Ask Questions! Remember: if you think the question is confusing, there are probably other students in your class who are wondering the same thing. Ask your teacher; ask your classmate, or ask for help from the Writing/Tutoring Center. If you have questions about assignments, tests, or other graded assignments, ask those questions right away! Dont wait until right before the  essay is due or just as the tests are being passed out. What You Need Always make sure you come to class prepared. Have a notebook or tablet to take notes, pens, a dictionary, and other critical resources with you at class and while you are doing work at home.

A Short History of the Soviet and Russian Space Program

A Short History of the Soviet and Russian Space Program The modern age of space exploration exists largely because of the actions of two countries who competed to get the first people on the Moon: the United States and the former Soviet Union. Today, space exploration efforts include more than 70 countries with research institutes and space agencies. However, only a few of them have launch capability, the three largest being NASA in the United States, Roscosmos in the Russian Federation, and the European Space Agency. Most people know of the U.S.s space history, but the Russian efforts occurred largely in secrecy for many years, even when their launches were public. Only in recent decades has the full story of the countrys space exploration been revealed through detailed books and talks by former cosmonauts.   The Age of Soviet Exploration Begins The history of Russias space efforts starts with World War II. At the end of that huge conflict, German rockets and rocket parts were captured by both the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Both countries had dabbled in rocket science before that.  Robert Goddard in the U.S. had launched that countrys first rockets. In the Soviet Union, engineer Sergei Korolev had experimented with rockets, too. However, the chance to study and improve upon Germanys designs was attractive to both countries and they entered into the Cold War of the 1950s each striving to outdo the other into space. Not only did the U.S. bring over rockets and rocket parts from Germany, but they also transported a number of German rocket scientists to help with the fledgling National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and its programs. The Soviets  captured rockets and German scientists, too, and eventually began experimenting with animal launches in the early 1950s, although none reached space. Yet, these were the first steps in the space race and set both countries on a headlong rush off Earth. The Soviets won the first round of that race when they put Sputnik 1 into orbit on October 4, 1957. It was a huge win for Soviet pride and propaganda and a major kick in the pants for the fledgling U.S. space effort. The Soviets followed up with the launch of the first man into space, Yuri Gagarin, in 1961. Then, they sent the first woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova, 1963) and did the first spacewalk, performed by Alexei Leonov in 1965. It looked very much like the Soviets might score the first man to the Moon, too. However, problems piled up and pushed back their lunar missions due to technical problems. Disaster in Soviet Space Disaster struck the Soviet program and gave them their first big setback. It happened in 1967 when cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov  was killed when the parachute that was supposed to settle his Soyuz 1 capsule gently on the ground failed to open. It was the first in-flight death of a man in space in history and a great embarrassment to the program. Problems continued to mount with the Soviet N1 rocket, which also set back planned lunar missions. Eventually, the U.S. beat the Soviet Union to the Moon, and the country turned its attention to sending unmanned probes to the Moon and Venus. After the Space Race In addition to its planetary probes, the Soviets got very interested in orbiting space stations, particularly after the U.S. announced (and then later canceled) its Manned Orbiting Laboratory. When the U.S. announced Skylab, the Soviets eventually built and launched the Salyut station. In 1971, a crew went to Salyut and spent two weeks working aboard the station. Unfortunately, they died during the return flight due to a pressure leak in their Soyuz 11 capsule. Eventually, the Soviets solved their Soyuz issues and the Salyut years led to a joint cooperation project with NASA on the Apollo Soyuz project. Later on, the two countries cooperated on a series of Shuttle-Mir dockings, and the building of the International Space Station (and partnerships with Japan and the European Space Agency). The Mir Years The most successful space station built by the Soviet Union flew from 1986 through 2001. It was called Mir and assembled on orbit (much as the later ISS was). It hosted a number of crew members from the Soviet Union and other countries in a show of space cooperation. The idea was to keep a long-term research outpost in low-Earth orbit, and it survived many years until its funding was cut. Mir is the only space station that was built by one countrys regime and then run by the successor to that regime. It happened when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991 and formed the Russian Federation. Regime Change The Soviet space program faced interesting times as Union began to crumble in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Instead of the Soviet space agency, Mir and its Soviet cosmonauts (who became Russian citizens when the country changed) came under the aegis of Roscosmos, the newly formed Russian space agency. Many of the design bureaus that had dominated space and aerospace design were either shut down or reconstituted as private corporations. The Russian economy went through major crises, which affected the space program. Eventually, things stabilized and the country moved ahead with plans to participate in the International Space Station, plus resume launches of weather and communications satellites. Today, Roscosmos has weathered changes in the Russian space industrial sector and is moving ahead with new rocket designs and spacecraft. It remains part of the ISS consortium and has announced Instead of the Soviet space agency, Mir and its Soviet cosmonauts (who became Russian citizens when the country changed) came under the aegis of Roscosmos, the newly formed Russian Space Agency. It has announced interest in future lunar missions and is working on new rocket designs and satellite updates. Eventually, the Russians would like to go to Mars, as well, and continue solar system exploration.

Investment analysis and portfolio management Assignment

Investment analysis and portfolio management - Assignment Example The risks attributed to the investment done in both the Wall Street and Dubai Financial Market depends on a number of factors, which include overall volatility of the financial market. In these cases, the selling price of shares across various sectors appears to be stable due to the big number of big investment companies such as Google and Amazon among others that have heavily invested. This aspect stabilizes the market pricing and thus reduces the risks involved. In addition, the portfolios invested in are not risky and this leaves a leeway of accepting to take the risks that may occur. The investment of 1,500,000AUD in diverse sectors in both the Wall Street and Dubai Financial Market is substantive and the fact that tow different markets are invested in, it implies that, the risk is diversified. In essence, risk diversification is a critical component of that an investor considers before investing in a financial market. In this case, the investor is well prepared to face a situation where a risk would occur in one Investment Company, whereas the other one makes profits. This explains the essence of risk diversification. With this implication, then the investor’s ability to take risk qualifies to be average. However, the investments on the stock type F reduce the investor’s ability to take the risk. Considering the selling price of $ 15.71 on Monday, February 02, 2015 and $16.13 on Sunday February 15, 2015 respectively, we can conclude that, the this type of stock did not sell at a reasonable profit margin, when comparing g it with GOOG or AMZN, whic h was sold at $ 493. 72 and $ 293.95 on Monday, January 12, 2015 respectively. The point of focus attributed to the profit margin is on the number of shares invested in the profitable stocks. In the case of the non-profitable stock F in Wall Street, the number of shares traded is 1500, whereas the number of the shares

Rationale for workers compensation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Rationale for workers compensation - Essay Example One of the objectives of workers compensation is prevention of accidents. The theory underlying in this is that employers will invest in accident- prevention programs to hold down compensation costs. Lower insurance premiums come as payoff to employers resulting to fewer accidents. Another objective is allocation of costs whereby cost allocation is spread cost of workers’ compensation appropriately and proportionately ranging from the most to the least hazardous. Replacement of income for the injured employees is another objective for workers compensation whereby it replaces the lost income due to injuries occurred during the job. Rehabilitation of the injured employee is the last objective of workers compensation It is difficult to make generalizations of who is in workers compensation. Eighty percent of the work force in America is covered, but those who are not covered are categorized as the general agricultural employees, domestic employees, casual employees, hazardous work employees, religious employees, employees of a small organization, maritime employees, contractors, minors and extraterritorial employees. Workers compensation help prevents future accidents by limiting stress-related claims, streamlining administration of the system and limiting vocational rehabilitation benefits (Wickert, 2012). In summary, workers compensation is here to benefit both the employers and employees in the end for smooth running of the

Cost and financial management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Cost and financial management - Coursework Example The analysis will be based on the 2012 annual report. The consolidated financial; statements are analyzed through incorporation of the traditional techniques as well as the ratio analysis. The traditional techniques employed include the horizontal, vertical as well as, the trend analysis. Ratios are significant when analyzing the financial statement s of a given company. The ratios are, therefore, analyzed in this report to measure the profitability, liquidity and the solvency of the company. Everything in the report has been thoroughly analyzed and errors minimized to the most professional levels. Apologies are made in case any errors or omissions are identified in the report. The company is fully committed to achieving the best position in the market share in terms of leading the market as well as ensuring customer satisfaction in the delivery of their products and services. Various initiatives have been executed and are still being executed. These initiatives relate to the improve ment of the product with the aim of achieving their set objectives or goals. The good cash performance observed in the past years has rendered the liquidity of the company strong. At the year end of 2012 for instance, the net cash flow was 122.6 million pounds. About WS Atkins The headquarters of WS Atkins is located in Century Way, in the United Kingdom. The Company is an engineering consultancy firm based on the international boundaries. The operations specifications include management technical and engineering services. The services are offered to both the public as well as the private sector clients that are located globally in all economic sectors. They are termed as general contractors. It is a holding company whose significant operations are limited to consultancy in the engineering as well design fields. The company operates in the United Kingdom, in the Middle East, in Europe, Asia Pacific and Energy. Different segments are observed in the five continents. The areas of oper ation in the United Kingdom include designs in environment, water, education defense, aerospace and design of the infrastructure. A lot of operations in North America include management services. The company provides planning of infrastructure, management services in construction, engineering, and consultancy in the environmental field, urban planning, and program management services as well as architecture. The range of the services the company offers in the middle east include design services as well as project management and engineering services in transportation, building and other programs relating to infrastructure. Asia Pacific business provides or offer services relating to engineering, urban planning and design, planning, rail design services and architectural services. The services the company offers in Hong Kong and Energy are very limited. In Hong Kong, the operations lie on urban rail developments, while, in Energy, the services include both engineering and management o f projects services. The records outline that the company owns Poyry Plc since the year 2011. The major competitors of WS Atkins include AMEC Plc, Amey UK Plc and Bechtel Group Inc. the fiscal year that ended 2012 reported revenue amounting to 2735.50 million pounds. According to the 2012 annual report of the company, the year ended 31st March 2012 marked a turnover growth rate of 9 percent to 1,711.1 million pounds. At the end of March, the number of employees is 17,420. The

Evaluation of Hemodialysis Patients’ Tumor Marker

Evaluation of Hemodialysis Patients’ Tumor Marker CEA tumor marker level associates comorbidity of hemodialysis patients Purposes: Hemodialysis (HD) affects serum concentration of biomarkers. However, it remains unclear about the effect of HD on the levels of biomarkers, and efficacy of biomarkers in HD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of HD on commonly used tumor markers. Methods: A total of 28 unselected patients (22 men, 6 women) with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), treated with maintenance HD, were enrolled in this study. GOT and tumor markers CA-153, CA-125, and CEA are measured. Results: The mean age was 57.6  ± 12.6 years, HD duration was 51.0  ± 34.0 months. Tumor marker CEA level is correlated to Charlson’s score of HD patients, levels of CA153 and CA125 are not correlated to age, duration of dialysis and Charlson’s score. GOT level is correlated to age, and Charlson’s score. Mean value of CEA level (5.9 ±4.0 ng/ml compared to normal value of 3 ng/ml for non-smoker and 5 ng/ml for smoker) is larger than normal value. Levels of CA153 (13.3 ±11.6 U/ml), CA125 (35.2 ±38.9 U/ml) and GOT value (20.4 ±8.9 U/L) fall in normal range. Conclusions: Concentration of CEA tumor marker is correlated with Charlson’s score which strongly correlated with HD outcome. GOT value is correlated with age and Charlson’s score which implies liver function drop in long term HD patients. Keywords: biomarkers, End-Stage Renal Disease, evaluation, hemodialysis, CEA. Introduction Hemodialysis (HD) is widely used for kidney failure patients who may represent a variety of underlying causes, including diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. The dialysis membrane in artificial kidney tube filtrates out small molecules especially for small molecular weight proteins (i.e., et. al. shows that cancer-free HD man demonstrated significantly lower PSA compared to controls [8]. Here we examine the serum level of commonly used molecular biomarkers, i.e., CA-153, CA125, CEA, and GOT of HD patients. Patient and materials Study subjects Experiments performed in this study complied with the current laws and regulations in Taiwan, Republic of China. All procedures are followed by the ethnical guideline and approved by Kaohsiung Armed Forces Hospital committee, Taiwan. A total of 28 persons between the ages of 37 and 76 years with end-stage renal disease, receiving dialysis treatment three times per week, were enrolled in a prospective study in March 2008. Dialysis was carried out using a Nikkiso DBB-22B dialysis machine with 4 hours session. Dialyzer with APS 18MD (Asahi Kasei, Osaka, Japan, polysulfone membrane, surface area 1.8 m2, in vitro clearances for urea, 198 ml/min for QB-200 ml/min). Blood flow rate was setting at 200 ml/min. Patients with vascular success insufficiency which can’t reach required blood flow rate was excluded. Ultrafiltration rate (512 ±85 ml/h) was adjusted according to the patients’ needs. The flow and temperature of the dialysate was 500 ml/min and 37oC, respectively. Vascu lar access was either via an arterio-venous fistula (sixteen treatments), graft (nine treatments), or a Perm catheter (three treatment). Serum CA-153, CA125, CEA, GOT levels were measured before and immediately after HD using low-flux membrane. Blood/serum collection Serum samples were collected from HD patients during and after the course of HD treatment. 5 ml blood was collected in EDTA tube. The serum were then stored in 4oC and processed within 12 hours. The serum samples were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min prior to splitting into aliquots and stored at -20oC. Laboratory methods The serum levels of CA-153, CA125, CEA and GOT were measured with Abbott Axsym analyzer (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, III). The reference ranges of the markers were: CA-153, 0-31.3 U/ml; CA-125, 0-35 U/ml; CEA, 0-3 ng/ml for non-smoker, and 0-5 ng/ml for smoker; GOT, 0-32 U/L. Statistical analysis The data reported are means  ± standard deviations (SD). Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used for analyses of linear associations. Because the concentrations of serum tumor markers were not normally distributed, significance of differences was assessed by Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test. The level of statistical significance was always set at P Results Baseline demographic and clinical data We analyzed 28 patients, of which 22 were men and 6 were women. The baseline demographic and clinical data are summarized in Table 1. All patients are diagnosed as end-stage renal failure. The mean age was 57.8  ± 12.6 years. Mean dialysis vintage was 51.0  ± 34.0 months. Measurement of tumor marker concentration of hemodialysis patients The mean value of CA-153, CA125, and GOT fall in normal range (16.5 ±16.3 before hemodialysis, and 18.6 ±16.3 after hemodialysis, compared with 31.3 U/ml normal value, 35.2 ±38.9 before dialysis, and 34.3 ±41.2 after hemodialysis, compared to Correlates of serum markers Correlations between serum markers levels and age, duration of dialysis and Charlson’s score are tested. Of all variables, patient age and Charlson’s score are correlated with levels of some serum markers. CEA level was correlated with Charlson’s score (r=0.42, p=0.03) (Fig. 1).GOT level was correlated with age (r=0.42, p=0.02) (Fig. 2) and Charlson’s score (r=0.48, p=0.01) (Fig. 3). Other variables, including CA-153, CA125 is not correlated with age (r=0.07, p=0.7; r=0.2, p=0.3, respectively), and also not correlated with duration of HD, Charlson’s score (Table 2). Direct effect of hemodialysis on concentration of serum markers Since the data of CA-153, CA125, CEA and GOT fail in normal distribution test, Wilcoson signed rank tested is chosen to compare groups before and after hemodialysis. Groups of CA-153, CA125, CEA, and GOT before hemodialysis are not significantly different to that after hemodialysis (Table 3). Discussion CA-153, CA-125, CEA are commonly used tumor markers. CA-125 is a glycoprotein with high molecular weight (> 200 kDa), and is a cancer antigen for monitor mesothelium especially for ovarian cancer. Recently, CA-125 is used to monitor mesothelial cell viability in PD patients [9,10]. CEA is carcinoembryonic antigen with a molecular weight about 180-200 kDa, commonly used for monitoring gastric cancer [11], weakly correlate with carotid atherosclerosis [12], and with prognostic value of colorectal cancer in PD patients [13]. The mean value of CEA of 28 patients is higher than normal value, which is consistent with previous reports that patients with ESRD are usually with higher risk of cancer, and with higher levels of tumor markers [14]. In our cases, patient no.2, 5, 9, 13 and 27 were expired within 1 year after diagnosis. Patient no. 2 is finally diagnosed as hepatoma, patient no. 5 is cirrhosis of liver and died in septicemia, patient no. 9 is died in leukemia, and patient no 13 is died in lung cancer. It shows that high levels of CEA correlated with Charlson’s score which implies poor outcome, however it remain further confirmation. CA-153 is correlated to risk of liver disease. Though 8% patients were diagnosed liver diseases, but their GOT value fall in normal range, and CA-153 values of them were also normal. There are many reports indicated that long term hemodialysis may affect levels of biomarkers. We showed that biomarkers alter non-significantly after one HD procedure. It is interesting that recent report indicated acute effects of HD treatment on up- or down regulation of apoptotic genes in blood leucocytes [15] Tumor markers were produced by neoplastic cells, and can also be secreted by normal tissue. Many chronic diseases, e.g., inflammation, chronic bronchitis, cirrhosis of liver and renal diseases, affect the metabolism and elimination of tumor markers, may contribute the long term elevation of tumor markers. Our data show that short term effect of HD on patients is not significant. And all 4 serum markers are not correlated with duration of HD. It seems that the response of patients to HD doesn’t directly affect levels of these serum markers. However, CEA and GOT are shown to be candidates markers for monitoring HD outcome as they are positively correlated with Charlsonà ¢â‚¬â„¢s score. Table I Baseline demographic and clinical data GFR, glomerular filtration rate; NPCR, normalized protein catabolic rate, *Modified Charlson’s comorbidity score is calculated according to Beddhu S, 2000. Table II. Correlation of serum markers and age, duration of HD, and Charlson’s score. Table III. Comparison of serum tumor markers before and after hemodialysis Legends to Figures Figure 1.Scatter plots, regression line, and 95% confidence intervals reflecting correlations between serum levels of CEA and Charlson’s score of 28 HD patients. Figure 2.Scatter plots, regression line, and 95% confidence intervals reflecting correlations between serum levels of GOT and Charlson’s score of 28 HD patients. Figure 3.Scatter plots, regression line, and 95% confidence intervals reflecting correlations between serum levels of GOT and age of 28 HD patients.

A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the U.S. Constitution Essa

A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the U.S. Constitution Introduction Located on the third floor of the National Museum of American History, "A More Perfect Union" documents the forced relocation of thousands of Japanese Americans during World War II. The exhibit focuses on the violation of constitutional rights that occurred during this process. The purposes of this review are as follows: describe the scope, purpose, and message of the exhibit, analyze how that message is organized and communicated, evaluate the effectiveness of the exhibit, and interpret the exhibit as a cultural artifact. Description During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many Japanese immigrated to the United States and started new lives on the West Coast or Hawaii. The majority of these people, as well as their children, held U.S. citizenship; however, due to the racial prejudice and distrust of World War II these Japanese Americans were denied their rights guaranteed in the Constitution. This statement is the overall message of "A More Perfect Union." "A More Perfect Union" begins with the image of the Constitution portrayed on a large wall. Nearby, the Bill of Rights is shown and explained. The privileges guaranteed by these documents are fully developed through prose and quotations. The freedoms associated with U.S. citizenship are all clear in the minds of the museum goers as they proceed to the next section. The second section of the exhibit contains information on the immigration and assimilation of the Japanese into the culture of the West Coast and Hawaii. This area shows how the first generation of immigrants, or issei, traveled over the Pacific to an entirely new nation and society. Many soon became citize... ...on. She felt the message of the exhibit was "to apologize for the Americans who acted out of hysteria in imprisoning a multitude of fellow citizens who were completely innocent." A large portion of her review is devoted to expanding this apology concept. In my opinion, the purpose of the exhibit should be to educate, not to ask forgiveness. Conclusion I feel that "A More Perfect Union" did an excellent job of telling the true story of the Japanese internment. It also was successful in celebrating the achievements of the Japanese American people. The only flaws I found in the exhibit were the unnecessary emphasis on Japanese American soldiers and the praising of the American people and their use of the Constitution. All other aspects of the exhibit, especially the artifacts and audio-visual displays, were suitably used to tell the story of the Japanese relocation.

Light Beer versus Dark Beer

Thesis StatementThere are several differences between light beer (which include the following: American Standard Beers, American Light Beers, American Wheat Ales, Belgian Wheat Ales, Hefeweizen, and Pilsners) and dark beer (which include Brown Ales, German Bocks, Nut Brown Ales, Porters, and Stouts). Some of the differences include their origins, the processes involved in making or producing it, as well as, their popularity since light beer is far more popular than dark beer.OriginBoth light and dark beer came to exist in 1772 (Chronology.. n.p.). The production of both began in 1587 when the immigrants of Virginia brewed ale through the use of corn (Chronology.. n.p.). Then twenty years after that, England sent its first shipment of beer to the immigrants of Virginia (Chronology.. n.p.). Two years after that, London were already looking for brewers to assist those immigrants of Virginia; back then advertisements which states, â€Å"American Help Wanted† were posted (Chronolog y.. n.p.). After that, the first brewery has been instituted in Manhattan by â€Å"Adrian Block and Hans Christiansen† (Chronology.. n.p.).The institution of that brewery aforementioned caused the birth of â€Å"Jean Vigne† who was the â€Å"first non-native American to become the first brewer horn in Manhattan† (Chronology.. n.p.). In addition to that, after a few years, â€Å"Governor Van Twiller† along with the â€Å"West India Company† built another brewery in New Amsterdam on Brewers Street (Chronology.. n.p.). This has been followed by another brewery which was built on Manhattan Island by Peter Ninuit (Chronology.. n.p.). After so many breweries have been instituted, a license to open a pub in Boston has been awarded to a man named Samuel Cole (Chronology.. n.p.).Three years later, the â€Å"first authoritatively recorded brewery in the Massachusetts Bay Colony under the control of Captain Sedgwick has been instituted† (Chronology.. n .p.). Then another brewery has been built located in Providence, Rhode Island which has been assigned and to be led by Sergeant Bauleton (Chronology.. n.p.). Immediately following that, â€Å"Samuel Wentworth has been given a license to operate and brew beer in New Hampshire† in 1670 (Chronology.. n.p.). Two more breweries were set up: one in 1683 which was set up near Bristol, Pennsylvania and another one in 1738 which has been established in Jekyll Island, Georgia (Chronology.. n.p.). Then finally after 34 years, dark and light beer have been concocted in England (Chronology.. n.p.).Process of Making ItIn making light beer, the first stage is to â€Å"steep the grain in water until it sprouts or germinates† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). After that stage technically referred to as â€Å"malting†, the grain/malt is then heated and dried â€Å"in order to stop the malt from germinating further† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.) After that process known as â€Å"kiln ing†, the malt may be roasted further according to preferred color and flavor (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). The next step is to â€Å"process the dried malt in a mill in order for the outer coating of the grain to crack† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).After cracking it will placed in a container then it will be poured with hot water (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). Here, the sugars contained in the grain will be broken down and released in the water and will consequently produce a sweet liquid called wort as well (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). After that the â€Å"wort† will be boiled for two hours and hops will be added (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).In making dark beer, the same processed is followed except that hops in dark beer are boiled 30 minutes or more longer (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).PopularityIt is said that college students are more likely to drink light beers. This is simply because it is easier to drink than dark ones. However, a medical breakthrough affected such popular ity of light beer because dark beer has been proven to prevent blood clots (Peck n.p.). In addition to that, it has â€Å"powerful antioxidant effects† (Fauber n.p.).ConclusionBoth light and dark beers were produced in 1772 sharing the same history. They differ, however in the process of making it since dark beers involve more time in boiling hops than in light beers. Also, in terms of popularity, although dark beers are proven to be good for the health, more people still go for light beers especially college students.ReferencesChronology of the American Brewing Industry. n.d. n.a. 22 October 2007http://www.beerhistory.com/library/holdings/chronology.shtmlFauber, John. Dark Beer Better for Heart. 11 November 2003. The Temple News.22 October 2007http://temple-news.com/wp-signup.php?new=media.wwwPeck, Peggy. Dark Beer May be Better for the Heart. 11 November 2003. WebMD.22 October 2007http://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20031111/dark-beer-may-be-better-for-heartSF Brewers Guild. How Beer is Made. n.d. n.a. 22 October 2007http://sfbrewersguild.org/beer.html

Aboriginals: the Mistreated Minorites of Canada

Aboriginal people are very passionate about their culture and traditions and believe that they are an important part of Canada’s past. Although their customs shaped Canada into a great nation, they are slowly fading into the background while competing with the French and English cultures. â€Å"Such an understanding gives no consideration to the presence and role of Aboriginal groups throughout history. † First Nation’s people do not receive a just amount of respect and equality in terms of their rights for land and freedom. Over the past century there have been several brutal protests that promote a negative, violent appearance towards all Aboriginals. In order to advance within society and claim land that is rightfully theirs, Natives have had to resort to planning court dates, forming petitions and writing threatening letters to the government. The Canadian government found ways to deceive the Aboriginals and get through loopholes to avoid granting reasonable wishes and staying true to their agreement. It is obvious that this Aboriginal versus government battle has been going on for far too long and it is an unfair challenge to the virtually helpless group of minorities. Throughout Canadian history Aboriginals have been judged for the way that they try to get recognition within society. Many citizens feel as if the Natives of Canada are violent and do not know how to control their actions. What people fail to see is that these bands are just mirroring the way they are being treated. Aboriginal groups have objected to uses of the environment by non-Aboriginal groups. † One of the most publicized protests in Aboriginal-government relations was the Oka crisis in 1990. The Mohawks of Quebec erected roadblocks to stop the construction of a golf course on disputed land, barricaded pathways to halt the movement of government vehicles, and got physical with some of the officers on patrol. After an 11 week stand-off the protestors were arrested and the Aboriginals could not retaliate. Finally, after 56 years of land disputation an agreement-in-principle was signed returning the land to the band. The government promised that the Aboriginals would receive land that was rightfully theirs and would not be disrupted again. This battle between the government and Aboriginals gives the impression that violent and inhumane behaviour is only coming from the Aboriginals, however the media fails to show the government retaliation. It is unjust to blame all of the violence on the Natives because both parties added problems to the situation. One of the first land claim agreements that acted as a stepping stone for other land claims that followed was the James Bay Treaty. Due to the fact that â€Å"the deal was controversial from the start† there were many signatories to make the treaty official. The agreement was shaped by Hydro-Quebec who wanted to ensure that they would make a profit from the Aboriginal people’s land. This land claim was negotiated under a great deal of pressure with numerous court days and lawyers present at every meeting between the groups. The Natives often thought that they were being taken advantage of and that they should not have to give up any of their land at all. â€Å"The Natives wrote letters to the Department of National Defence, organized joint actions with rural peoples and Aboriginal groups in the U. S. and Europe, met with European government representatives, held news conferences, and participated in demonstrations. † In order to join the community together, and peacefully riot against the government’s decisions, many petitions were signed by both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal members within society. The negotiation ended after about a year due to the pressure from the Cree and Inuit to receive a just amount of benefits. In the end the Aboriginals received great care and all that was promised after the negotiation but felt as if they should not have had to work so hard to get what they deserved. Legal action had to be taken in order for the Natives to voice their opinions about their land. The Canadian government has always found loopholes and ways around subjects that they do not want to deal with or talk about. When they were approached by the Nisga’a way back in 1890 they brushed them off and told them that as long as they did not get in the way of development, their communities would go unharmed. â€Å"Aboriginal people maintained only certain hunting and trapping rights on the land. † The people of this group wanted to have a self-governed community and felt that they should have the authority to make decisions that would better their standards of living. Their first attempt at approaching the provincial government in 1927 was declined due to the fact that a law was in place prohibiting Indians to advance land claims. Finally in 1973 the Canadian government overruled the laws that were set and began to negotiate with the First Nation’s people in 1976. â€Å"Aboriginal peoples argued that their right to self-government existed because their societies historically had been organized and self-ruling. † The Aboriginals were given the freedom that they wanted and were granted permission for a self-governed community however many restrictions and by-laws were put in place to keep these people under control. The Nisga’a people are now living happily while still trying to work out some quirks on balancing the provincial and federal regulations with those of the self-government. The Aboriginal people of Canada have undergone a great deal of mistreatment from the government over the past century and it should not have to continue. Although rules have been made to ensure that this group of minorities receives proper treatment from society, many are faced with the challenge of racism and segregation from the rest of Canadians. Canada is considered a bilingual country with both French and English as its official languages. Maybe it is time that this country realizes that it was built by another culture too. Aboriginal awareness is not a subject that is touched upon in school and it would be very helpful if the government paid respect to the First Nations people. Aboriginals are equal and deserve the same respect and attention that the rest of Canada receives from the government on a day to day basis.